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Compare Monaco (2003) - Arctic Ocean (2005)

Compare Monaco (2003) z Arctic Ocean (2005)

 Monaco (2003)Arctic Ocean (2005)
 MonacoArctic Ocean
Administrative divisions none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo -
Age structure 0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,551; female 2,445)


15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,814; female 10,130)


65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,937; female 4,253) (2003 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products none -
Airports none; linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service (2002) -
Area total: 1.95 sq km


land: 1.95 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Background Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
Birth rate 9.46 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Budget revenues: $518 million


expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995)		 -
Capital Monaco -
Climate Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Coastline 4.1 km 45,389 km
Constitution 17 December 1962 -
Country name conventional long form: Principality of Monaco


conventional short form: Monaco


local long form: Principaute de Monaco


local short form: Monaco		 -
Currency euro (EUR) -
Death rate 12.82 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Debt - external $NA -
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco -
Diplomatic representation in the US Monaco does not have an embassy in the US


consulate(s) general: New York		 -
Disputes - international none some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient $NA -
Economy - overview Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major new construction project will extend the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough. Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh -
Electricity - imports NA kWh


note: electricity supplied by France		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Mont Agel 140 m		 lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues NA endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol		 -
Ethnic groups French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% -
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998) -
Executive branch chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958)


head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000)


cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government		 -
Exports $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red -
GDP purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% -
Geographic coordinates 43 44 N, 7 24 E 90 00 N, 0 00 E
Geography - note second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
Heliports 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2002) -
Highways total: 50 km


paved: 50 km


unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France -
Independence 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products -
Infant mortality rate total: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.52 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% -
International organization participation ACCT, ECE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km -
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) -
Labor force 30,540 (January 1994) -
Land boundaries total: 4.4 km


border countries: France 4.4 km		 -
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.)		 -
Languages French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque -
Legal system based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction -
Legislative branch unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.27 years


male: 75.37 years


female: 83.37 years (2003 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 99%


male: NA%


female: NA%		 -
Location Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Map references Europe Arctic Region
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 NM -
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
National holiday National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November -
Nationality noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)


adjective: Monegasque or Monacan		 -
Natural hazards NA ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Natural resources none sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Net migration rate 7.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Political parties and leaders National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 32,130 (July 2003 est.) -
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 0.44% (2003 est.) -
Ports and harbors Monaco Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) -
Railways total: 1.7 km


standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge (2002)		 -
Religions Roman Catholic 90% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2003 est.)		 -
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: modern automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 31,027 (1995) -
Telephones - mobile cellular NA -
Television broadcast stations 5 (1998) -
Terrain hilly, rugged, rocky central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Total fertility rate 1.76 children born/woman (2003 est.) -
Transportation - note - sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Unemployment rate 3.1% (1998) -
Waterways none -
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